in order for the insurance company to pay for all the damages, you should have purchased a policy that covered $4,000,000 in damages. Since the policy only covers $3,000,000, the insurance company will pay:
($3,000,000 / $4,000,000) x $2,000,000 (loss) = 0.75 x $2,000,000 = $1,500,000
The balance in Lucia's account is 1.05 times the original deposit, reflecting addition of 5% interest for the year.
The ticket price is the original price multiplied by (1 + inflation rate). The number of tickets that Lucia can purchase is the account balance divided by the ticket price. The quotient is rounded down to the nearest integer.
The "real interest rate" is the percentage change from the original number of tickets that could be purchased.