Answer:
Sunk costs.
Explanation:
Sunk costs refers to historical funds spent or incurred that cannot be recovered. Such costs are considered irrelevant during decision making which impacts on the business's future as they present no influence on present or future prospects.
Example
ABC investors decide to acquire land and develop residential houses at a location X. This decision is informed on the fact that the government had recently enacted a policy that led to an increase in demand for residential properties in that location. 6 months into construction of the residential houses, the government reviews and rescinds the policy. This leads to a sharp decline in property values in location X. ABC investors had already incurred 10 million dollars in the project. The 10 million dollars is considered sunk cost.
Sunk costs are the opposite of relevant costs because they can't be changed or recovered, as they've been spent or contracted in the past already. Hence, relevant cost are relevant for decision-making purposes but not sunk costs.
Hence, money that has been or will be paid regardless of the decision whether to proceed with the project is sunk costs.
Answer:
B. Improved adjustment to technological changes.
Explanation:
Vertical Integration: It is a strategy to gain competitive advantage by taking complete control over a few stages of production or distribution. The company implements vertical integration to reduce the cost of production, reduce dependence on others, improve the quality of the product, etc.
In the given case, the company pursuing vertical integration can gain market power over its competitors through improved quality, reduction in cost, and reduction in operation cost, however, it does not improve adjustment to technological changes.
Answer:
An alternative is also known as Uncollectible accounts expense
Explanation:
A bad debt expense is recognized when a receivable is no longer collectible because a customer is unable to fulfill their obligation to pay an outstanding debt due to bankruptcy or other financial problems.
Bad debt expenses are generally classified as a sales and general administrative expense and are found on the income statement. Recognizing bad debts leads to an offsetting reduction to accounts receivable on the balance sheet.
<u>Bad debt expense is also known as Uncollectible accounts expense</u>
Answer:
if a change in the price of the good brings about a much smaller change in the quantity demanded for the good.
Explanation:
<em>The price elasticity of demand is a measure of the change in the demand for a good in relation to a change in the price of the same good. </em>Mathematically, the price elasticity of demand for a product is represented as:
Price elasticity = change in the quantity demanded/change in price
The value of price elasticity of demand ranges from 0 to infinity. The price elasticity of demand is
- relatively inelastic when the value is less than 1,
- unitary elastic when it is equal to 1,
- relatively elastic when it is greater than 1,
- perfectly inelastic when it is equal to 0, and
- perfectly elastic when the value is infinity.
<u>Less elastic price elasticity of demand is equivalent to relatively inelastic price elasticity. This thus means that the price elasticity of demand is less than 1; a percentage change in the price of the good brings about a disproportionately smaller percentage change in the quantity demanded for the good.</u>
