A mutation in DNA affects the entire protiens synthesis process by producing the incorrect amino acids in the wrong places, causing issues with the ability of the organism to survive depending on what the protein is in charge of.
Answer:
C4 plants—including maize, sugarcane, and sorghum—avoid photorespiration by using another enzyme called PEP during the first step of carbon fixation. ... PEP fixes carbon dioxide into a four-carbon molecule, called malate, that is transported to the deeper bundle sheath cells that contain Rubisco.
Explanation:
Answer:
3212
Explanation:
Transport vesicles are vesicles that function to carry molecules from one cellular compartment to another. The coat protein complexes I and II (COPI and COPII) are conserved pathways that transport proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Moreover, clathrin is a protein implicated in the formation of coated vesicles. The ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase activating (Arf GAP) proteins play a major role in Arf signaling pathways, which are responsible for uncoating of the COPI coat. On the other hand, COPII vesicles are known to retain their coats until they are recognized by tethering complexes, and whose formation is regulated by the GDP-GTP cycle of the small GTPase Sar1. Finally, the 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) are chaperones which function as uncoating ATPases to remove clathrin from coated vesicles after endocytosis.
Answer:
The rapid decolorization with ethanol or acetone
and counterstaining with safranin
When a decolorizer such as alcohol or acetone is added, it interacts with the lipids of the cell membrane. A gram-negative cell loses its outer lipopolysaccharide membrane, and the inner peptidoglycan layer is left exposed: when safranin is added they will turn red. Conversely, gram-positives retain the Cristal violet and will color in purple
