A proton gradient is an important part of both photosynthesis and cellular respiration because couple the favorable flow of H+ to transport specific metabolites into and out of organelles.
<h3>What is the proton gradient?</h3>
The gradient is sometimes called the proton-motive and can be thought of as a form of energy, force and force in a battery. Like other ions, protons are not able to cross directly through the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane, as the interior of the membrane is hydrophobic.
The proton gradient generated by this manipulation provided a driving force for ATP synthesis in the absence of light. This confirms the chemiosmotic theory, where a chemical potential across the membrane can provide energy for ATP synthesis.
The proton gradient produced by pumping protons during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP.
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Based on the graph the region expected to have the least population growth will be Australia.
<h3>Graphical illustrations</h3>
Looking at the given graph the population size of each region starts at a lower point and ends at a higher point on the graph between the years 1950 and 2050.
The change in the population also varies depending on the scale on the y-axis. Australia has the lowest scale which lies between somewhere above 10 and 50.
More on graphical illustrations can be found here: brainly.com/question/21376268
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Natural selection leads to evolution because the strongest survive and pass on their genes
It shows the evolution of certain species through the bone structures of the fossils.
