Answer:
The abolitionist movement and the underground railroad increased tensions between the North and South because they highlighted the problem of slavery while fighting against it directly. Southern states felt attacked by these movements.
Explanation:
Slavery was an important feature of Souther identity. Because of their strong defense of slavery they felt personally attacked by any critics of the slavery system.
Thus as the abolitionist movement and the underground railroad gained momentum these questions got more intense. In the South the hate for abolitionism got to the point where censorship was overt: abolitionism was illegal and president Andrew Jackson prohibited the postal service from delivering abolitionist publications to the South.
These tensions were not resolved and would lead to the Civil War.
If by South Africa you are referring to the Republic of South Africa, then their transition to Democracy was a bit rocky. It was a part of the British empire before they gained their independence as a free republic. This free republic however was not a democratic one due to things like apartheid rules where a minority of rich people who were mostly white controlled the government at the expense of the local African majority. As the fight for democracy continued many things started coming up like huge unemployment and infringement of human rights. Apartheid ended and currently the country is a democracy with suffrage, but there is evidence of high corruption among the government employees and the administration. Expand those ideas into an entire essay.
Among the purged there were experts in industry, economics, engineering, and many of their most talented writers and thinkers. The victims included most of the nations military leaders and half of its military officers.