The world's economies interact with each other by trading. For example, if oil is easier to access in Saudi Arabia than America, it will be less expensive, so we trade. The economies affect one another by giving each other easier access to different resources and products.
Above the ground pipelines save permafrost from destruction, but they can : D. cause habitat loss for arctic animals
This happen because above the ground pipelines destroy the environment and making it unsuitable to support the animal's living
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As countries become more developed, the productivity edge that urban regions have over their countries declines. This makes sense, development leads to urbanization which leads, eventually, to the convergence of the productivity of metro areas and the country as a whole. Cities are changing fast.
The answers are:
a. physical geography
b. human geography
Geography is divided into two main branches, physical geography, and human geography, and after that, they branch out much more and include the other geographical disciplines in them.
Physical geography is mainly concerned with the study of the natural characteristics of the Earth, both the ones on the surface and the once close to the surface.
Human geography is mainly focused on the study of the human race, the background, perceptions, interactions, organizing, human groups, effects on and from the environment etc.