Answer: Convergent evolution occurs when two species living in different areas evolve similarities through natural selection acting on those characteristics.
Explanation:
The question is incomplete as it lacks multiple options. The options are as follows:
a) Ancestral heterotrophic eukaryotes most likely engulfed both a heterotrophic and an autotrophic prokaryote, whereas ancestral photosynthetic eukaryotes probably provided the host cell for the first mitochondria. Over time, natural selection favored these relationships and these cells became ancestors of all eukaryotes.
b) All ancestral eukaryotes would have most likely consumed a nucleus-like prokaryote that eventually became the eukaryotic nucleus. These new eukaryotic cells would have had an advantage over prokaryotic cells by acquiring a nuclear command center for regulating cellular activities.
c) As carbon dioxide levels were increasing over time, natural selection would have favored organisms that acquired a photosynthetic prokaryote to convert carbon dioxide into sugars. These would have likely been the first eukaryotic cells. At which point, these ancestral cells engulfed mitochondria-like prokaryotes that would have provided an even greater advantage for cells in this environment.
d) As Earth was becoming more aerobic, mitochondria would have provided an advantage to host cells by converting "toxic" oxygen into energy for heterotrophic cells. Since mitochondria are found in all eukaryotes, these combinations likely evolved first. Photosynthetic eukaryotes probably acquired an autotrophic prokaryote, which developed an advantageous symbiotic relationship with the host cell.
Answer:
Option (d).
Explanation:
The endosymbiosis theory explain the evolution of the eukaryotic organisms and its organelle from the prokaryotic organism. This theory explain the mitochondria and chloroplast origin from the free living prokaryotes.
The earth's primitive environment was highly reducing and anaerobic. The oxygen starts evolving in the environment and evolution of mitochondria is beneficial as oxygen can be used for the energy generation. The choloroplast has been evolved from the photosynthetic prokaryotes.
Thus, the correct answer is option (d).
Answer:
Genes is not the only factor in determining the characteristics of an organism environment is also a major factor.
Explanation:
- The organisms having the traits which are very favorable or suited in an environment have greater probability of surviving and reproducing at the higher rate than any organism which are less suited to that environment.
- When an organism start developing from one stage to another, the interaction of genes with the environment initiates at every moment of its life.
- The interaction of genes and environment determines the characteristics of that organism.
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Answer:
The correct answer is option - B. carbon dioxide.
Explanation:
Global warming is the rise in the overall temperature of the earth and its climate in the long term. It takes place due to the greenhouse gases emission that absorbs the heat and heat trapped in the atmosphere and increases the temperature of the climate system of the earth.
Greenhouse gases are the different gases that increase the temperature due to their ability to absorb and trap the heat that comes from solar light. The major source of the greenhouse gases is Carbon dioxide gas as its very small increase can affect and increase global warming to a different extent. Global warming has huge impact on earth and ecosystem as it increasing sea level by melting a glacier and other ways.
Thus, the correct answer is option - B. carbon dioxide
