The hydronium ion is an oxonium ion whose chemical formula is H3O + or H + (aq). It is found in the solid, gaseous or liquid state (protonation of a molecule of water).
The concentration of hydronium ion is directly linked to the pH of the tea (or any solution) by this equation.:
Convection occurs when particles with a lot of heat energy in a liquid or gas move and take the place of particles with less heat energy. Heat energy is transferred from hot places to cooler places by convection. Liquids and gases expand when they are heated. ... The denser cold liquid or gas falls into the warm areas.