Answer:
Chocolate (Independent variable)
Explanation:
The independent variable is manipulative. The experimenter can manipulate it. It produces one or more results in a study called the dependent variable. It is called the independent variable because its variation doesn't depend on another variable in an experiment. The independent variable can be controlled or manipulated only by the researcher or experimenter.
For example:
Amount of water and fertilizer provide a tree. Water and fertilizer is an (independent variable) which can be manipulated by the experimenter.
Result: Height of the tree depends on water and fertilizer quantity (dependent variable) which can not be manipulated by researcher.
Answer:
Treatment misidentification
Explanation:
Assistant Z's action introduces treatment misidentification during his therapy. It arises when the researcher claims a change in independent variable due to the dependent variable. Placebo effect is a way of treatment when patients are provided with fake pills.
However, it is due to a treatment that goes unnoticed by the researcher during the treatment which is closely related to the primary treatment. The researcher unconsciously distorts the result when working with patients. Thus, the researcher introduces internal invalidity due to treatment misidentification.