Answer:
The homologous chromosomes pair together in prophase 1 of meiosis, but they do not during prophase 1 of mitosis. This is achieved by a process known as synapsis, where the similar chromosomes pair according to sequence similarity. The homologous chromosomes are held together by a protein structure known as the synaptonemal complex in a chromosome body known as a tetrad (because it contains 4 replicated chromosomes known as chromatids) or bivalent (if the organism is diploid). This pairing during prophase 1 of meiosis allows recombination to take place between the homologous chromosomes. This occurs early during prophase but the manifestation of recombination only becomes visible during the later stages of prophase 1 and in metaphase 1. Because the chromosomes adopt different structures during prophase 1 of meiosis, this stage is sub-divided into 5 stages: leptotene, zygotene, packytene, diplotene and diakinesis. It is during diplotene and diakinesis that the physical manifestation of recombination can be seen. This is the presence of chiasmata (chiasma, singular). These are the sites where recombination, or exchanges between homologous chromosomes, has taken place. By the end of prophase 1, it is only the chiasmata that holds the homologous chromosomes together. This constriction make the tetrads adopt a variety of structures, the shape of which depends upon the number of chiasmata formed. The tetrads stay in this conformation until metaphase 1. Synapsis, the formation of the synaptonemal complex, the formation of chiasmata does not take place during prophase 1 of mitosis and these processes represent the major differences between prophase of the two nuclear divisions.
Answer:
The correct answer is c. consume two ATP molecule
Explanation:
Glycolysis is the process in which glucose is partially breakdown into two pyruvate molecules. Glycolysis is divided into two-phase the first phase is the preparatory phase and the second phase is the payoff phase.
In preparatory phase energy is consumed and the formation of two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate(triose phosphate) takes place with the consumption of two ATP, therefore, this phase is called energy investment phase.
These two ATP are consumed when fructose 6 phosphate converts into fructose 1,6 bis-phosphate. Therefore, the right answer is c.
The chemical nature of an atom, that is , the chemical properties of a specific element, is determined by the number of protons in the nucleus<span>. This number of protons is called the </span>atomic number<span>. The mass of the atom, its atomic mass, depends upon both the number of protons and upon the number of neutrons present in the nucleus (remember that the mass of an electron is so small that it is simply ignored for the purpose of establishing the atomic mass).</span>The difference between atoms, ions and isotopes is the number of subatomic particles.<span> An atom is the basic building block of matter, the smallest molecule of an element that exists and that cannot be chemically divided by ordinary means. Each atom is comprised of protons, neutrons and electrons. In ions, the number of electrons differs, and in isotopes.
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The answer is meiosis. meiosis is the process that is responsible for the independent assortment of alleles. the role of this process is to separate the chromosomes and it's alleles. thus process is required to produce egg and sperm cell for sexual reproduction.
