Answer:
The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis and marks the final stage of keratinocyte maturation and development. Keratinocytes at the basal layer of the epidermis are proliferative, and as the cells mature up the epidermis, they slowly lose proliferative potential and undergo programmed destruction.
Before modern medicine, in which treatment's with certain ethical therapies and medication, most patients with mental illness where placed in institutions no matter how severe, and were forced to go through unethical therapies such as electroshock or lobotomies.
