Answer:
The beta decay takes place.
Explanation:
The reaction of radioactivity of carbon 14 to nitrogen 14 is
There is a beta decay.
The reaction is

Here some energy is released in form of neutrino.
Complete Question
The complete question is shown on the first uploaded image
Answer:
a it is always zero
b 0
c 
Explanation:ss
Here the net charge is on the outer surface of the conductor thus this means that the net charge inside the conductor is zero
Generally the charge density of a conductor is dependent on the charge per unit area which implies that the charge density is dependent on the net charge so this means that the charge density inside the conductor is zero
Generally the direction of electric field this from the positive charge to the negative charge so from the question we can deduce that the negative charge is located on the surface of the conductor
So We can mathematically define the charge density on the surface of the electric field as
∮
Where E is the electric field
change in unit area
is the negative charge
is the permittivity of free space
So



Where
is the charge density
<span>Melting of ice is an endothermic process, meaning that energy is absorbed. When ice spontaneously melts, ΔH (change in enthalpy) is "positive". ΔS (entropy change) is also positive, because, becoming a liquid, water molecules lose their fixed position in the ice crystal, and become more disorganized. ΔG (free energy of reaction) is negative when a reaction proceeds spontaneously, as it happens in this case. Ice spontaneously melts at temperatures higher than 0°C. However, liquid water also spontaneously freezes at temperatures below 0°C. Therefore the temperature is instrumental in determining which "melting" of ice, or "freezing" of water becomes spontaneous. The whole process is summarized in the Gibbs free energy equation:
ΔG = ΔH – TΔS</span>
The buoyant force or upward buoyancy force