Answer:
b. The rats press the lever least when cocaine is presented.
Explanation:
Reinforcement or reward refers to the physiological processes by which a given behavior, such as drug use, becomes habitual. This occurs when neurons release the neurotransmitter dopamine to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after drug use.
In tobacco, nicotine is the main component triggering of the reinforcement. Once inside the brain, nicotine activates nicotinic receptors, which in turn contributes to the reinforcement mechanism. Following repeated exposure to nicotine, a neuroadaptation process is established for some (but not all) effects of nicotine. Increased brain nAChRs (acetylcoline receptors) are observed in response to desensitization of these nicotine-mediated receptors. This desensitization can play an important role in the development of tolerance and dependence.
The fact that nicotine is a weak reinforcer, means that maybe the rat already had an neuroadaptation with this drug, not feeling anything with this drug anymore, and thats why he would prefer other drug, like cocaine, pressing the lever of nicotine less often.
Answer:
there are no options here
This is a false statement. There is a big difference between feeling the burn and feeling pain, if you are feeling pain it could mean that you have pulled a muscle and you should stop and consult your doctor, also if you are feeling back pain that means you maybe pinched a nerve or slipped the disc. Lastly, other signs pain you should look for is ankle pain and feeling lightheaded because ankle pain could indicate a sprain and lightheaded can indicate that you are either overworked yourself or you are not getting enough water consumption.
Answer: <em>Talking to a person in power who can make a change </em>is an effective way to advocate for a cause.
The correct answer is C.
Explanation:
When advocating for any cause, you will want to have up-to-date information. You will also need to have refusal skills and be able to list all the options. You will also want people there to back you up that have shared experiences with your cause. Start campaigns in your city or on social media, this will help spread the word.
Answer:
all of the above
Explanation:
please mark as brainliest
