D. freezing, deposition, and condensation
Explanation:
In order to understand, let's see the definition of these changes of state:
- freezing: freezing occurs when a substance changes from liquid state to solid state
- deposition: deposition occurs when a substance changes from gas state to solid state, without passing through the liquid state
- condensation: this process occurs when a substance changes from gas state to liquid state
In all the three processes listed above, energy is released from the substance, which in fact loses energy. In fact:
- in a liquid, the particles have more energy than in a solid (because in liquid they can move, while in solid they can only vibrate), so during freezing, since a liquid turns into a solid, it releases energy to the surrounding
- in a gas, the particles have more energy than in a liquid (because in a gas they can move faster than in a liquid), so during condensation, since a gas turns into a liquid, energy is released to the surrounding
- in deposition, the particles change from the gas state (where they move faster) to a solid state (where they are not free to move), so they lose energy as well.
