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Answer:
During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO 2) and water (H 2 O) from the air and soil. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized, meaning it loses electrons, while the carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose.
Explanation:
The energy for photosynthesis comes from light. Light energy is converted to chemical energy by chlorophyll. There are two sets of reactions, light dependent and light independent. The process mostly takes place in the chloroplasts of plant leaf mesophyll cells. Photosynthesis is the process where a plants uses the sun’s energy to turn light into chlorophyll. Plants produce oxygen during this process and utilize carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis is the single most important chemical process on the earth. Almost all plants needs the sun in order to survive Photosynthesis is the most important chemical process on earth – it provides food and energy for all living creatures who eat the plants that rely on this process to produce their food (glucose). · More than half (70%) of the world’s oxygen is produced by phytoplankton photosynthesis in the world’s oceans.
The B vitamins and vitamin C are absorbed along with water in the small intestine and then circulate through the blood.
Explanation:
-Pheophytin
P680 the primary donor of Photosystem II becomes excited and transfers an electron to pheophytin. Pheophytin is the initial intermediate electron acceptor and carrier in Photosystem II; it is a chlorophyll-like molecule that lacks a central magnesium ion.
Further Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released. This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent. This occurs in the thykaloids, where pigment molecules like chlorophyll reside.
The chloroplast is a membrane bound organelle found in plants. It contains several invaginations of a plasma membrane called the thylakoid membrane. This contains chlorophyll pigments, in stacks called granum, while the internal spaces of the organelle are called the lumen. Liquid surrounds the granum, forming the stroma.
During the light reaction:
- Light is absorbed by pigments in phosystem II (PSII). This energy is transferred among pigments til it gets to the reaction center, and is transferred to P680; this promotes an electron to a higher energy level where it then goes to an acceptor molecule, like Pheophytin .
- Water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cell with replacement electrons for the ones removed from photosystem II. Additionally, water (H2O) split by light during photolysis into H+ and OH- acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducing agent.
- the electron moves down an electron transport chain (to PS I)where it experiences continuous energy loss. This energy fuels the pumping of H+ from the stroma to thykaloid, leading to the formation of a gradient. The H+ move along their gradient and cross through ATP synthase, into the the stroma.
- ATP synthase converts ADP and Pi to the energy storage molecule ATP.
- The electron gets to photosystem I where it goes to pigments at P700. It absorbs light energy, the electron is promoted to a higher energy level, and passed to an electron acceptor. This leaves a space for another electron which is then replaced by one from photosystem II.
- in the ETC, the molecule NADP is reduced to NADPH by providing H+ ions. NADP and NADPH are integral to the Calvin cycle where monosaccharides or sugars like glucose are produced after the modification of several molecules.
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