In the early 17th century Galileo was indeed convicted of heresy because he claimed that Earth revolved around the Sun. This conviction was an example of an religiously motivated conviction of someone who had the best intentions in mind in the sense of mankind achieving greater knowledge.
I cannot do this entire thing for you, but I can help.
A cause is the thing that forces something else to happen. So, that could be anything. The effect is what comes after the event.
For example, the driver was texting while driving. That is the cause. He hit a girl. That is the event. He girl was injured. That is the effect.
Hope that helps!
On January, 20, 1942, Reinhard Heydrich, Himmler's second in command of the SS, convened the Wannsee Conference in Berlin with 15 top Nazi bureaucrats to coordinate the Final Solution (Endlösung) in which the Nazis would attempt to exterminate the entire Jewish population of Europe, an estimated 11 million persons.
A IS YOUR ANSWER .........
1. - Ballot
2. - Independent
3. - Communism
4. - Appointed.
Hope this helps.