Answer: d-orbitals account for the sulphur- oxygen double bond.
Explanation:
Looking at the nature of bonding in SOCl2, the sulphur is bonded to two chlorine atoms and one oxygen atom. The sulphur has a lone pair of electrons. There are four bonds and four electron pairs if we don't count the lone pair on sulphur. This leads to a tetrahedral shape. However, if we invoke a valence state in which d orbitals are involved and the thionyl chloride is still sp3 hybridized, then we will have one electron in the d-orbital which overlaps with a 2p electron from oxygen to form the double bond. The four sp3 orbitals accommodate eight electrons including the lone pair on sulphur while the d-orbital accommodates the remaining two electrons from the pi-bond thereby completing the ten electrons. The approach of canonical structures and charge separation shown in the image attached
Answer: (i) blue colour fades away
(ii) Single replacement
(iii) copper sulphate + iron iron sulphate + copper
Explanation:
Single replacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which more reactive element displaces the less reactive element from its salt solution.
Here iron being more reactive than copper can easily displace copper from its salt solution and form iron sulphate and copper in elemental form.
The blue colour of the copper sulphate solution fades away.
The word equation is :
copper sulphate + iron iron sulphate + copper
it's Lithium or Li
..............................