Answer:
Production of GMOs is a multistage process which can be summarized as follows:
1. identification of the gene interest;
2. isolation of the gene of interest;
3. amplifying the gene to produce many copies;
4. associating the gene with an appropriate promoter and poly A sequence and insertion into plasmids;
5. multiplying the plasmid in bacteria and recovering the cloned construct for injection;
6. transference of the construct into the recipient tissue, usually fertilized eggs;
7. integration of gene into recipient genome;
8. expression of gene in recipient genome; and
9. inheritance of gene through further generations.
Answer:
The amount of work done required to stretch spring by additional 4 cm is 64 J.
Explanation:
The energy used for stretching spring is given by the relation :
.......(1)
Here k is spring constant and x is the displacement of spring from its equilibrium position.
For stretch spring by 2.0 cm or 0.02 m, we need 8.0 J of energy. Hence, substitute the suitable values in equation (1).

k = 4 x 10⁴ N/m
Energy needed to stretch a spring by 6.0 cm can be determine by the equation (1).
Substitute 0.06 m for x and 4 x 10⁴ N/m for k in equation (1).

E = 72 J
But we already have 8.0 J. So, the extra energy needed to stretch spring by additional 4 cm is :
E = ( 72 - 8 ) J = 64 J
Answer:
Maximum emf = 5.32 V
Explanation:
Given that,
Number of turns, N = 10
Radius of loop, r = 3 cm = 0.03 m
It made 60 revolutions per second
Magnetic field, B = 0.5 T
We need to find maximum emf generated in the loop. It is based on the concept of Faraday's law. The induced emf is given by :

For maximum emf, 
So,

So, the maximum emf generated in the loop is 5.32 V.
Heat rising and falling inside the mantle creates convection<span> currents generated by radioactive decay in the core.</span>