Answer:
C) The increased ability of an individual plant (above baseline) to withstand further drought after it has received a heat shock, which causes the expression of specific proteins that enable more efficient use of water
Explanation:
In biology, adaptations refer to the characteristics of organisms that allow them to survive and reproduce better in their environment than if they did not possess them. Many of these adaptations are very easy to recognize, such as bird beaks that are highly specific to the food they eat, for example. It is now accepted by science that only natural selection can consistently produce adaptations, although it is important to note that it is not the only evolutionary mechanism. Natural selection, whose idea is mainly attributed to Charles Darwin, acts directly on the phenotypic characteristics of individuals in a population, favoring those who are most likely to survive and reproduce in a given environment over those who are less adapted.
Based on this, we can conclude that adaptation is a biological process that occurs without human manipulation. Thus, we can conclude that among the options given in the above question, the letter C does not represent an example of adaptation. This is because the letter C, shows a plant that showed characteristics favorable to its survival in an inhospitable environment, after human intervention, which, through a thermal shock, caused the expression of specific proteins for that characteristic.
Gregor Mendel, the father of genetics, made his great discoveries by simplifying problems. Instead of studying complicated characters with which he might ask what is “more or less” inherited, he chose to study simple characters with which he could see whether it was inherited or not because there were only two clear, and distinct possibilities.
Solar System[a] is the gravitationallybound system of the Sun and the objects that orbit it, either directly or indirectly,[b] including the eight planets and five dwarf planets as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). Of the objects that orbit the Sun directly, the largest eight are the planets,[c]with the remainder being smaller objects, such as dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies. Of the objects that orbit the Sun indirectly—the moons—two are larger than the smallest planet, Mercury.[d]
Solar System
The Sun and planets of the Solar System
(distances not to scale)
Age4.568 billion yearsLocation
Local Interstellar Cloud, Local Bubble,
Orion–Cygnus Arm, Milky Way
System mass1.0014 Solar massesNearest star
Proxima Centauri (4.25ly)
Alpha Centauri (4.37 ly)
Nearest knownplanetary systemProxima Centaurisystem (4.25 ly)Semi-major axis of outer known planet (Neptune)30.10 AU (4.503 billion km)Distance to Kuiper cliff50 AU
Populations
Stars1 (Sun)Known planets
8 (Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune)
Known dwarf planets
Possibly several hundred;[1]
five currently recognized by the IAU
(Ceres
Pluto
Haumea
Makemake
Eris)
Known natural satellites
525
(185 planetary[2]
347 minor planetary[3])
Known minor planets778,897 (as of 2018-06-21)[4]Known comets4,017 (as of 2018-06-21)[4]Identified rounded satellites19Invariable-to-galactic plane inclination60.19° (ecliptic)Distance to Galactic Center27,000 ± 1,000 lyOrbital speed220 km/sOrbital period225–250 MyrSpectral typeG2VFrost line≈5 AU[5]Distance to heliopause≈120 AUHill sphere radius≈1–3 ly
The Solar System formed 4.6 billion years agofrom the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar molecular cloud. The vast majority of the system's mass is in the Sun, with the majority of the remaining mass contained in Jupiter. The four smaller inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, are terrestrial planets, being primarily composed of rock and metal. The four outer planets are giant planets, being substantially more massive than the terrestrials. The two largest, Jupiterand Saturn, are gas giants, being composed mainly of hydrogen and helium; the two outermost planets, Uranus and Neptune, are ice giants, being composed mostly of substances with relatively high melting points compared with hydrogen and helium, called volatiles, such as water, ammonia and methane. All eight planets have almost circular orbits that lie within a nearly flat disc called the ecliptic.