We let the chemical equation for the weak acid indicator propyl red HPr be
HPr + H2O ↔ H3O+ + Pr-
Therefore, the acid dissociation constant Ka is
Ka = [H3O+][Pr-] / [HPr]
The color of this indicator turns from red to yellow or the other way around at its turning point at which
[HPr] = [Pr-]
Substituting this to the equation for Ka, we now have
Ka = [H3O+]
The pH of the solution at its turning point is
pH = -log[H3O+] = -log(Ka) = -log 3.3×10^-6 = 5.48
<span>On this account, the pH range is pH 5.0 to 6.0.</span>
Linear.
This is because Fluorine has seven valence electrons, pairing the odd one out in the middle will solve this problem.
It can't be pyrimidal or bent as it doesn't have any lone (unpaired) valence electrons. It can't be a tettrahedral as there aren't four other elements. It couldn't be a planar as there isn't a total of four elements to pair with a central atom.
Hope this helps!