Answer:
2pq
Explanation:
According to my research on studies conducted by various genetecists, I can say that based on the information provided within the question carriers are represented in the Hardy-Weinberg formula by the variable 2pq. This variable represents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype which is the genotype that include one normal allele and one mutation, or two different mutations. Which is what the carriers are.
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I think that process is called erosion
Answer:
<em>Reliability testing </em>
Explanation:
<em>In psychological research,</em><em> the term reliability testing is defined as one of the methods which are being used to describe the consistency of a particular study or research or measuring tests. In other words, it is described as the extent to which a particular assessment tool can produce consistent and stable results. </em>
<em>Reliability testing</em><em> makes sure that the response from a particular test must remain the same even after being conducted or measured after some time.</em>
Canada with 3,851,809 and Rusia would be the 2nd :D
The threat to validity that is likely to occur in the scenario above is Selection Bias.
<h3>What is Selection Bias?</h3>
This occurs when a researcher has control and intentionally chooses those who are going to be researched, observed, or studied. To eliminate this bias, the scientist must ensure that the sample population is selected very randomly.
Other threats to validity are:
- History
- Maturation
- Attrition
- Social Interaction
- Instrumentation
- Testing
- Regression to the mean, etc.
Please see the link below for more about Threat to Validity:
brainly.com/question/4168290
