Answer: Osteoporosis Paget's disease Muscular dystrophy
Explanation: In osteoporosis, bone tissue begins to wear and thin, causing weak and breakable bones.
In Paget’s disease, the bones grow larger than normal, thereby becoming weak and brittle.
Muscular dystrophy is a group of diseases in which muscles waste away, causing extreme weakness and sometimes immobility.
Answer:
Retrograde amnesia
Explanation:
The loss of long-term memories from the past as the result of a brain injury, infection,
illness, etc is called retrograde amnesia.
This kind of amnesia makes a person who suffers this amnesia unable to remember long term memories of events before the amnesia. It usually does not affect their ability to learn and store new memories.
As the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is very low, the glomerulus is not able to filter waste products into the renal tube. This decreases the rate of excretion of waste products. Ultimately, the respiration rate increases to remove excess of carbon dioxide from the blood.
<h3>What is Glomerular Filtration Rate?</h3>
- Glomerular Filtration Rate or GFR measures the amount of blood filtered by the kidneys per minute.
- It tells us about the health condition of the kidneys i.e. how well the kidney is able to filter blood.
- For normal kidneys, GFR is 60 or above. If GFR is below 60, it means a person has kidney disease. If the GFR reaches as low as 15, it indicates kidney failure.
- As the patient has chronic renal failure, the glomerulus does not work properly and it results in accumulation of fluids inside the body.
- The wastes get accumulated and the amount of deoxygenated blood increases.
- This will lead to increase in respiratory rate to increase the amount of oxygen and remove excess carbon dioxide in the blood.
Learn more about Glomerular Filtration Rate here:
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Question: Sam, a 70-year-old man with chronic renal failure, was in for a routine visit at the hospital. Progressive destruction of nephrons leads to chronic renal failure. Sam's blood work indicated low blood pH taken and potassium levels were outside of the normal range. Sam's estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 15 mL/min with a high respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute.
Why would Sam have an increase in respiratory rate? How does the increase in respiratory rate help?
Answer:
c)peptidoglycan synthesis and cell walls
Explanation:
The main points of action of antibiotics are inhibition of bacterial cell wall peptideoglycan synthesis, cytoplasmic membrane damage and interference with nucleic acid and protein synthesis.
The bacterial cell wall is formed by peptideoglycan. Penicillin and other antibiotics prevent its complete synthesis, consequently weaken the cell wall and the cell lyses. Because human cells lack peptideoglycan, penicillin has low toxicity to the host cell. The synthesis of peptideoglycan components is affected by β-lactam antibiotics (penicillins and cephalosporins).
For this reason, we can conclude that the antibiotics described in the above question are those that target peptidoglycan and cell wall synthesis.
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
Stress fractures in the foot are very common as we continuously place force on them by walking, running, standing and jumping. In this the bone breaks but generally does not shift the position. One can walk as well as run but should not because it will delay healing and can lead to a compensatory injury altering your running form. Sooner it gets diagnosed and treated, athlete can return to normal activity faster.
