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storchak [24]
3 years ago
5

For some transformation having kinetics that obey the Avrami equation (Equation 10.17), the parameter n is known to have a value

of 1.1. If, after 129 s, the reaction is 50% complete, how long (total time) will it take the transformation to go to 86% completion?
Engineering
1 answer:
zavuch27 [327]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

3.305 * 10 ^ ⁻4

Explanation:

Solution

Given:

We calculate the value of k for which is the dependent variable in Avrami equation

y = 1 - exp (-kt^n)

exp (-kt^n) =1-y

-kt^n = ln (1-y)

so,

k =ln(1-y)/t^n

Now,

we substitute 1.1 for n, 0.50 for y, and 129 s for t

k = ln (1-0.50)/129^1.1

k= 3.305 * 10 ^ ⁻4

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Answer:

The solution code is written in Java.

  1. public class Main {
  2.    public static void main(String[] args) {
  3.        Scanner inNum = new Scanner(System.in);
  4.        System.out.print("Enter number of toss: ");
  5.        int num = inNum.nextInt();
  6.        for(int i=0; i < num; i++){
  7.            System.out.println(toss());
  8.        }
  9.    }
  10.    public static String toss(){
  11.        String option[] = {"heads", "tails"};
  12.        Random rand = new Random();
  13.        return option[rand.nextInt(2)];
  14.    }
  15. }

Explanation:

Firstly, we create a function <em>toss()</em> with no parameter but will return a string (Line 14). Within the function body, create an option array with two elements, "heads" and "tails" (Line 15). Next create a Random object (Line 16) and use <em>nextInt()</em> method to get random value either 0 or 1. Please note we need to pass the value of 2 into <em>nextInx() </em>method to ensure the random value generated is either 0 or 1.  We use this generate random value as an index of <em>option </em>array and return either "heads" or "tails" as output (Line 17).

In the main program, we create Scanner object and use it to prompt user to input an number for how many times to toss the coin (Line 6 - 7). Next, we use the input num to control how many times a for loop should run (Line 9). In each round of the loop, call the function <em>toss() </em>and print the output to terminal (Line 10).  

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4) The fuel tank is permanently installed in the boat

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