Answer:
D
Explanation:A circuit is equivalent to another when the output voltage is equal to each other. This is so because a circuit may have a higher voltage source and lesser load or a lower voltage source and higher load,so we can only say they are equal If the output is similar
Given:
Outer Diameter, OD = 90 mm
thickness, t = 0.1656 mm
Poisson's ratio, 
= 0.334
Strength = 320 MPa
Pressure, P =3.5 MPa
Formula Used:
1). 
= ![P[\frac{r_{o}^{2} + r_{i}^{2}}{r_{o}^{2} - r_{i}^{2}}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=P%5B%5Cfrac%7Br_%7Bo%7D%5E%7B2%7D%20%2B%20r_%7Bi%7D%5E%7B2%7D%7D%7Br_%7Bo%7D%5E%7B2%7D%20-%20r_%7Bi%7D%5E%7B2%7D%7D%5D)
2). factor of safety, m = 
Explanation:
Now, for Inner Diameter of cylinder, ID = OD - 2t
ID = 90 - 2(1.65) = 86.7 mm
Outer radius, 
= 45mm
Inner radius, 
= 43.35 mm
Now by using the given formula (1)
= ![3.5[\frac{45^{2} + 43.35^{2}}{45^{2} - 43.35^{2}}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=3.5%5B%5Cfrac%7B45%5E%7B2%7D%20%2B%2043.35%5E%7B2%7D%7D%7B45%5E%7B2%7D%20-%2043.35%5E%7B2%7D%7D%5D)
= 
=93.74 MPa
Now, Using formula (2)
factor of safety, m = \frac{320}{93.74} = 3.414
The controller determines if a(n) error exists by calculating the difference between the SP and the PV.
<h3>How does a
controller work in control system?</h3>
The Control system is one where it entails if the output is one that has an effect on the input quantity.
So it uses the PV(Process Variable) set against the SP(Setpoint) to know if an error exists.
So, The controller determines if a(n) error exists by calculating the difference between the SP and the PV.
Learn more about controller from
brainly.com/question/14617664
#SPJ1
