Answer:
a semi-crystalline structure is formed, which holds the water molecules apart, making ice less dense than liquid water, such that it floats. This means that it insulates the water beneath, allowing organisms in the liquid water to survive. Cohesion is the tendency of molecules within a substance to ‘ stick together
explanation:

Explanation:
the bottom number would be 54. This is because you add one to 53 to make it 54 and you add 0 to 138.
Answer: ΔH for the reaction is -277.4 kJ
Explanation:
The balanced chemical reaction is,

The expression for enthalpy change is,
![\Delta H=\sum [n\times \Delta H(products)]-\sum [n\times \Delta H(reactant)]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20H%3D%5Csum%20%5Bn%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20H%28products%29%5D-%5Csum%20%5Bn%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20H%28reactant%29%5D)
![\Delta H=[(n_{CCl_4}\times \Delta H_{CCl_4})+(n_{HCl}\times B.E_{HCl}) ]-[(n_{CH_4}\times \Delta H_{CH_4})+n_{Cl_2}\times \Delta H_{Cl_2}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20H%3D%5B%28n_%7BCCl_4%7D%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20H_%7BCCl_4%7D%29%2B%28n_%7BHCl%7D%5Ctimes%20B.E_%7BHCl%7D%29%20%5D-%5B%28n_%7BCH_4%7D%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20H_%7BCH_4%7D%29%2Bn_%7BCl_2%7D%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20H_%7BCl_2%7D%5D)
where,
n = number of moles
Now put all the given values in this expression, we get
![\Delta H=[(1\times -139)+(1\times -92.31) ]-[(1\times -74.87)+(1\times 121.0]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20H%3D%5B%281%5Ctimes%20-139%29%2B%281%5Ctimes%20-92.31%29%20%5D-%5B%281%5Ctimes%20-74.87%29%2B%281%5Ctimes%20121.0%5D)

Therefore, the enthalpy change for this reaction is, -277.4 kJ
Answer:
![K_a=\frac{[H_3O^+][HCO_3^-]}{[H_2CO_3]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_a%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5BH_3O%5E%2B%5D%5BHCO_3%5E-%5D%7D%7B%5BH_2CO_3%5D%7D)
Explanation:
Several rules should be followed to write any equilibrium expression properly. In the context of this problem, we're dealing with an aqueous equilibrium:
- an equilibrium constant is, first of all, a fraction;
- in the numerator of the fraction, we have a product of the concentrations of our products (right-hand side of the equation);
- in the denominator of the fraction, we have a product of the concentrations of our reactants (left-hand side o the equation);
- each concentration should be raised to the power of the coefficient in the balanced chemical equation;
- only aqueous species and gases are included in the equilibrium constant, solids and liquids are omitted.
Following the guidelines, we will omit liquid water and we will include all the other species in the constant. Each coefficient in the balanced equation is '1', so no powers required. Multiply the concentrations of the two products and divide by the concentration of carbonic acid:
![K_a=\frac{[H_3O^+][HCO_3^-]}{[H_2CO_3]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_a%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5BH_3O%5E%2B%5D%5BHCO_3%5E-%5D%7D%7B%5BH_2CO_3%5D%7D)
Electron microscopes differ from light microscopes in that they produce an image of a specimen by using a beam of electrons rather than a beam of light. Electrons have much a shorter wavelength than visible light, and this allows electron microscopes to produce higher-resolution images than standard light microscopes