a. They created a racially segregated society
This is because the Jim Crow Laws were trying to keep black and whites separate. They separated everything toilets, pools parks, schools. Eventually the Supreme Court ruled the Jim Crow Laws unconstitutional and they were abolished.
The "Emancipation Proclamation" issued by President Lincoln as the Civil War came to a close declared slaves were to be freed throughout the entire US.
In the 1670s, the first significant groups of German immigrants arrived in the British colonies, settling primarily in Pennsylvania, New York, and Virginia. Immigration continued in very large numbers during the 19th century, with eight million arrivals from Germany.
The idea that Horace Bushnell was associated was religious liberalism.