This means that each dominant allele "adds" to the expression of the next dominant allele. Usually, traits are polygenic when there is wide variation in the trait. For example, humans can be many different sizes. Height is a polygenic trait, controlled by at least three genes with six alleles.
There are many internal factors which living organisms respond to, two of them are temperature and hormone levels. Organisms respond to internal factors in order to stay healthy and survive. The internal environment of living organisms has to be kept relatively constant, this is constancy is achieved through the process of homeostasis.
During photosynthesis, the energy used to pump protons comes from ______light_____, whereas in cellular respiration it comes from ______NADH/FADH₂_______.
<h3>What are the steps in photosynthesis?</h3>
- The first step in photosynthesis is the absorption of light by chlorophyll bound to chloroplast thylakoid proteins. The absorbed light energy is used to remove electrons from electron donors such as water to form oxygen.
- The electrons are then transferred to the primary electron acceptor, quinine (Q.). Electrons are further transferred from the primary electron acceptor to the final electron acceptor (usually NADP⁺).
- Proton transfer from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma via the F₀F₁ complex generates ATP from ADP and Pi.
- The NADP and ATP produced in steps 2 and 3 provide the energy, and the electrons power the process of reducing the carbon to a six-carbon sugar molecule.
The first three steps of photosynthesis, are directly dependent on light energy and are thus, called light reactions, while the reactions in the last step are independent of light and thus are termed dark reactions.
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The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin and is app. .005-1.5mm thick. it is made up of several different types of cells with keratinocutes being the most abundant.
The dermis is the second layer of skin and is app. .3-3.0mm thick. And basically consists of connective tissue.
Collenchyma and Parenchyma because they are cellulose containing cells.
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