Aspartame is an artificial sweetener that is added to food and beverages as a substitute to table sugar or sucrose. It is apparently 200 times sweet than sucrose. It is also more preferable especially in the food industry because its sweetness lasts longer than sucrose does. Aspartame is a methyl ester from two acidic amino acids, aspartic acid and phenylalanine. It also constitute a small portion of methanol. The composition is 40% aspartic acid, 50% phenylalanine and 10% methanol. This compound was accidentally discovered by James Schlatter when he was trying to test an anti-ulcer drug.
Explanation:
(a) Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide and its chemical formula is solid 
.
(b) Sodium chloride is commonly known as salt in daily life. Hence, chemical formula of salt is NaCl.
(c) Laughing gas is also known as dinitrogen monoxide. Hence, its chemical formula is 
.
(d) Marble (chalk limestone) is chemically known as calcium carbonate. Hence, its chemical formula is 
.
(e) Baking soda is chemically known as sodium bicarbonate. Hence, its chemical formula is 
.
(f) Ammonia has a chemical formula as 
.
(g) Water has a chemical formula as 
.
(h) Milk of magnesia is a base and it is chemically known as magnesium hydroxide. Its chemical formula is 
.
(i) Epsom salt is most often found as heptahydrate of sulfate mineral epsomite. Its chemical formula is usually 
. If not present as a heptahydrate then its chemical formula is 
where, value of x can be equal to 0 to 7.
Answer:
(a) -134 kJ (b) -136 kJ
Explanation:
a) Using the accounting of the enthalpy of broken and formed bonds we will have the answer for this question ( remember the enthalpy of bonds broken are positive and those formed are negative)
ΔHrxn(kJ) = 6H (C-H) + 1 (C-C)+ 1H (H) + 1(C=C) + 4(C-H)
= 6(-411) +(-346) +432 + 602 + 4(411)
= - 134 kJ
(b) ΔHrxn = ΔHºf(C2H6) - ΔHºf (C2H4) = -83.75 kJ- 52.3 kJ = -136 kJ
( ΔHºf (H2)) = 0)
Explanation:
What you need to know.
hope it's helpful
A polar bond is when atoms have unequal attractions for electrons and so the sharing is unequal.
Electromagnetivity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons when atoms are in a compound.
To determine the electromagnetivity of an atom:
< 0.5 - Non-Polar
0.5 - 1.7 - Polar
Therefore, unequal sharing results in either a hydrogen or dipole bond.
Hydrogen bonding is just a special case of dipole-dipole interactions as hydrogen is partially positive in the molecule. When covalently bonded to a highly electronegative element, the hydrogen atom becomes so highly partial positive while the other so partial negative that a higher amount of interaction is obtain.However, keep in mind that hydrogen bonding can ONLY occur when hydrogen is covalently bonded to fluorine, oxygen and nitrogen.
A dipole-dipole interaction occurs between opposite partial charges in polar molecules. These attractions are generally weaker than hydrogen bonding.
London dispersion forces occurs in all bonds, as it's a temperorary attraction force when electrons in an atom occupy positions that form temporary dipoles. It's notable particularly in noble gases and it's the weakest of the intermolecular forces.
