Explanation:
Bond forming:
Given species:
Na - Sodium Cl - Chlorine
Na has a valence electron
Cl has 7 valence electron
To form a bond of this nature, there must be a transfer of electrons.
Here, the bond is between a metal and non-metal
The metal is sodium and the non-metal is chlorine;
Na → Na⁺ + e⁻ loss of 1 electron
2,8,1 2,8
isoelectronic with Neon
Cl + e → Cl⁻ gain of one electron
isoelectronic with Argon
Na⁺ + Cl⁻ → Na⁺.Cl⁻
This bond type is an ionic bond
Answer: materials and design Techniques that reduce the negative environmental impact of a structure
Explanation:
Answer:
See explanation and images attached
Explanation:
a) In the mechanism for the acid catalysed esterification of propanoic acid using ethanol, we can see that the first step is the protonation of the acid followed by nucleophillic attack of the alcohol. Loss of water and consequent deprotonation regenerates the acid catalyst. We can see the fate of the 18O labelled ethanol in the mechanism shown.
b) In the second mechanism, an unnamed ester is hydrolysed using an acid catalyst. The attack of the acid and subsequent nucleophillic attack of water labelled with 18O leads to the incorporation of this 18O into the product acid as shown in the mechanism attached to this answer.
Ans: Calcium sulfate.
K2SO4 (aq) + Ca(NO3)2 (aq) ⇒ 2KNO3 (aq) + CaSO4 (s)