Pangea was the supercontinent that had all the landmasses of earth together before the Triassic period and that broke up into Laurasia and Gondwanan. However, Panthalassa is a prehistoric ocean that was surrounding Pangea.
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The pH of stomach secretion is low. This means it is acidic. Too much production can corrode the stomach wall. Therefore in such a situation drinking a basic solution with a higher pH neutralizes some of the stomach acidic secretions hence relieving the effect;
Acid + Base - Salt + Water  
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
The organelle that conduct respiration for the cell is MITOCHONDRIA.
Explanation:
The cells of living organisms are made up of different organelles, each of the organelles have specific functions, which they perform. The mitochondria is the cell organelle that is responsible for carrying out respiration in the cells. Respiration involves the breaking down of glucose molecules in order to produce energy in form of ATP. Mitochondria is also called the power house of the cell because of its function of energy production. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
In the question it is given that the milkweed with clothianidin above the 1ppb concentration will result in less successful hatching of monarch butterfly eggs. Along with the data from the experiments, the exposure of clothianidin on the monarch habitats will lead to a decrease in the population of the monarch butterfly initially. Then in later generations if any mutation occurs and a resistant butterfly is developed then the population of the monarch butterfly will recover. But without this mutation the population size will be reduced and the size and weight of the butterfly will also get reduced.
Explanation: