Traits are determined by genes
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The 75% energy which does not do any useful work gets dissipated as thermal energy in gasoline engines.
Explanation:
The efficiency of any engine like gasoline engine is the ratio of work done in contrast to heat or energy provided.
Gasoline engines are internal combustion engine. The thermal efficiency is calculated of these engines.
work done or efficiency=
or heat absorbed is divided by heat used in doing work
the friction and in other forms heat gets lost.
In gasoline engine about 65 to 75 % heat gets emitted without any useful work done. The heat gets lost in friction, air turbulence, noise and work input to turn on the engine. After the dissipation of heat in it only 25% is used up by vehicle having gasoline engines.
Answer:
I am not sure but I think option d is correct
Answer: hybridisation between related species is unlikely to contribute to adaptive speciation.
Explanation: any population has natural genetic variation. The available resources are insufficient for all plants (and conversely, not all offspring survive). Natural selection favours variations better suited to the conditions.
Although hybridisation is more common in plants than animals, and can lead to speciation, adaptive radiation from an ancestral species is the general response to environmental change, such as from rainforest to savanna. There is low probability of selective advantage from hybridisation of two ancestral species adapted to niches within the original habitat when the conditions in those niches changes significantly.