Answer:
OH, H2O2 and O−2
Explanation:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be defined as highly reactive chemical compounds formed from molecular oxygen (O2). ROS are generated as a normal product of cellular metabolism, and also as a response to different environmental/internal cellular stimuli (e.g., cytokines, xenobiotics, pathogenic invasion). For example, hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are a type of ROS generated in the mitochondria which are capable of inducing oxidative stress in different cells and also trigger chronic inflammation. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) molecules represent another type of ROS which are produced during the stereoselective deamination of amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. These molecules (H2O2) exhibit toxic effects on the cell (e.g., DNA damage). Finally, singlet oxygen (1O2) is an excited state of molecular oxygen (O2) that is generated during photosynthesis in the photosystem II (PSII) of chloroplasts.
Answer: D
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Answer:
So that each cell has all of the information.
Explanation:
Please brainliest!
<em>A megaphone used by a cheerleader can allow people on the opposite side of a field to hear her better because;</em>
D. Solid objects can change the direction of sound waves; megaphones allow users to determine the general direction of the sound.
<u>Determination of the general direction of the sound lessens its dispersion and thus, it reaches the observers at a higher intensity, hence it being louder.</u>
Answer:
Genetics comes with birth and is from previous ancestors. It's genetic code, also known as DNA. You are born with your genetics inherited from your parents.
