Plants’ nonspecific immune responses includes cell-surface receptors (pattern recognition proteins) which allow them to identify certain patterns characteristic for pathogens. Activated receptors trigger the production of chemical signals that may initiate both local and systemic defense responses. Sometimes when a plant is affected by infection, it triggers rapid localized programmed cell death to stop the infection further. When it comes to defense form the herbivores, plants have physical barriers (plant cell walls and their extensions), some antibiotic compounds (phytoalexins), and even enzymes that can defend them.
Answer:
Option 4 - Calcium
Explanation:
The <em>divalent cation </em>called <em>calcium</em> is needed to provide additional support to the bone matrix.
Calcium is considered one of the most <em>important components</em> in bone development. It helps in the formation as well as maintenance of bone. During the modeling and remodeling process of bones, calcium facilitates the formation of <em>semi-hard new tissues</em> which leads to the formation of new bone which is very hard.
Due to this reason, calcium is needed to create extra bone matrix support.
Answer:
increases its ability to resist predation because the snails that eat it die
Answer:
i dont know thats a hard one
Explanation:
