Explanation:
Accordingly, the introductory physics laboratories have the following purposes and goals:
1. To provide an experimental foundation for the theoretical concepts introduced in the lectures. It is important that students have an opportunity to verify some of the ideas for themselves.
2. To familiarize students with experimental apparatus, the scientific method, and methods of data analysis so that they will have some idea of the inductive process by which the ideas were originated. To teach how to make careful experimental observations and how to think about and draw conclusions from such data.
3. To introduce the methods used for estimating and dealing with experimental uncertainties, including simple ideas in probability theory and the distinctions between random (statistical) and systematic "errors." This is essential in understanding what valid conclusions can be deduced from experimental data and that, properly obtained, these conclusions are valid, notwithstanding the uncertainty of the data.
Primary succession is where lichens move into an area with no soil. They will then create soil and make an ecosystem.
1. Expose the bare rock do to volcanic eruption or glacier. The first step to primary succession is to have a place with bare rock, no soil at all. If there is already soil in place, this would be secondary succession.
2. Pioneer species arrives (like lichen). Lichens basically create soil from rock, they are needed to start an ecosystem.
3. Soil start forming and mosses begin growing
. Now the lichens will begin to create a lot of soil, capable of holding life like moss. There still won't be enough nutrients in the soil for anything more complex at this point.
4. Small plants start to grow. Since the moss is starting to die, it will add nutrients to the soil. After awhile, enough nutrients will be in the soil for small plants to grow.
5. Evergreen trees start growing. Evergreen trees are softwood, which will come before hardwood trees during primary succession.
6. Deciduous trees move in. Deciduous trees, like oaks and maples, are hardwood trees and will come last in primary succession. This is the ideal climax community.