Answer: viral invasion.
Explanation:Cytopathic effect or cytopathogenic effect (abbreviated CPE) refers to structural changes in host cells that are caused by viral invasion. The infecting virus causes lysis of the host cell or when the cell dies without lysis due to an inability to replicate. Both of these effects occur due to CPEs.
Answer:
Photosynthesis has two parts: the light-dependent reactions and the dark reactions (the Calvin cycle). Photosynthesis in a general sense, uses CO2 and water to create C6H12O6 (glucose) and oxygen. The light-dependent reactions use water to make oxygen, and a reduced energy carrier (NADPH) is also created. The Calvin cycle uses carbon dioxide and ATP to create G3P for glucose.
The light-dependent reactions occur on the membrane of the thylakoid and also involve shuttling electrons across different complexes (photosystem II and photosystem I), eventually causing ATP to be created with a proton gradient.
The light-independent reactions/Calvin cycle occur in the stroma of the chloroplast and also involve shuffling carbons around. Carbon dioxide is processed in three stages, and glucose is made from 6 CO2.