Answer:
a network of proteins that holds homologues together.
Explanation:
Genetics can be defined as the scientific study of hereditary in living organisms such as humans, animals and plants.
The synaptonemal complex is a network of proteins that holds homologues (homologous chromosomes) together.
Generally, a synaptonemal complex (protein lattice) is formed between homologous chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. Also, synaptonemal complex is important for the formation of the four sister chromatids referred to as tetrads.
Furthermore, the synaptonemal complex (protein lattice) has a tripartite structure which comprises of the following components;
I. SC protein-1 (SYCP1).
II. SC protein-2 (SYCP2).
III. SC protein-3 (SYCP3).
In conclusion, the synaptonemal complex plays a significant role in synapsis, recombination and chromosome pairing.
Explanation:
-Pheophytin
P680 the primary donor of Photosystem II becomes excited and transfers an electron to pheophytin. Pheophytin is the initial intermediate electron acceptor and carrier in Photosystem II; it is a chlorophyll-like molecule that lacks a central magnesium ion.
Further Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released. This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent. This occurs in the thykaloids, where pigment molecules like chlorophyll reside.
The chloroplast is a membrane bound organelle found in plants. It contains several invaginations of a plasma membrane called the thylakoid membrane. This contains chlorophyll pigments, in stacks called granum, while the internal spaces of the organelle are called the lumen. Liquid surrounds the granum, forming the stroma.
During the light reaction:
- Light is absorbed by pigments in phosystem II (PSII). This energy is transferred among pigments til it gets to the reaction center, and is transferred to P680; this promotes an electron to a higher energy level where it then goes to an acceptor molecule, like Pheophytin .
- Water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cell with replacement electrons for the ones removed from photosystem II. Additionally, water (H2O) split by light during photolysis into H+ and OH- acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducing agent.
- the electron moves down an electron transport chain (to PS I)where it experiences continuous energy loss. This energy fuels the pumping of H+ from the stroma to thykaloid, leading to the formation of a gradient. The H+ move along their gradient and cross through ATP synthase, into the the stroma.
- ATP synthase converts ADP and Pi to the energy storage molecule ATP.
- The electron gets to photosystem I where it goes to pigments at P700. It absorbs light energy, the electron is promoted to a higher energy level, and passed to an electron acceptor. This leaves a space for another electron which is then replaced by one from photosystem II.
- in the ETC, the molecule NADP is reduced to NADPH by providing H+ ions. NADP and NADPH are integral to the Calvin cycle where monosaccharides or sugars like glucose are produced after the modification of several molecules.
Learn more about Photosynthesis at brainly.com/question/4216541
Learn more about cellular life at brainly.com/question/11259903
#LearnWithBrainly
Answer:
Secondary succession occurs when the severity of disturbance is insufficient to remove all the existing vegetation and soil from a site. Many different kinds of disturbances, such as fire, flooding, windstorms, and human activities (e.g., logging of forests) can initiate secondary succession.
(Bottom to top)
Biosphere- The ecosystem comprimising the entire Earth & the living organisms that inhabit it. Example: Where life occurs on, Earth
Biome- A large naturally occuring community of plants and animals Example: Rainforest, Tundra, Desert, Marine, Grasslands, etc
Ecosystem- A community of living organisms called producers, conumers, decomposers. Example: Plants (Producers) Rabbits (Consumers) Worms (Decomposers)
Community- Interacting group of various species Example: A forest of trees inhabited by animals.
Population- Traits of a group of plants and animals Example: 4 rabbits have broenn fur and 2 have black fur in a group.
Individual- Individual organisms Example: An otter is a organism
Abiotic examples- Air, soil, sunlight, or water
Biotic examples- A frog, a leaf, or a tree
I am not totally sure but I think it’s B
