In photosynthesis, the movement of protons from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen is proton gradient and is coupled to<u> transfer of </u><u>protons</u>.
Protons are transported across the thylakoid membrane and into the lumen through the electron transport chain (the space inside the thylakoid disk). Protons are simultaneously removed from the stroma by reduction of NADPH and added to the lumen via water splitting (the space outside the thylakoids). Protons are pumped from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen as a result of the electron passing through the first link in the electron transport chain. A fourth protein complex in the thylakoid membrane, ATP synthase, then uses the energy stored in this proton gradient to produce ATP. This protein complex, like the mitochondrial enzyme, links proton flow back across the membrane to the creation of ATP.
Learn more about thylakoid
brainly.com/question/11500875
#SPJ4
The discovery of DNA has allowed us to trace ancestors and find out how early humans lived, what they looked like, and who they were.
Answer:
when water vapor turns into clouds
Explanation:
Water vapor turns into clouds when it cools and condenses—that is, turns back into liquid water or ice. ... In the cloud, with more water condensing onto other water droplets, the droplets grow. When they get too heavy to stay suspended in the cloud, even with updrafts within the cloud, they fall to Earth as rain.
<span>A is the correct answer. Diploid cells all contain two sets of chromosomes. Prophase 1 occurs during the first phase of meiosis, a type of cell division, and prophase 2 is the same process, but this time occurring without chromosome reduplication. As a result, there is the original and duplicated cells, which makes two.</span>
