Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.
Resonance, leaving group, carbonyl carbon delta+, and steric effect is the most crucial variables that affect the relative reactivity of a functional group containing a carbonyl in an addition or substitution process.
Discussion:
1. Carbonyl Carbon Delta+: The carbonyl group becomes more electrophilic and accelerates nucleophilic assault when the carbonyl carbon delta+ is bigger.
2. Resonance: When the carbonyl is transformed into the tetrahedral adduct, it may be lost. Loss of resonance increases the energy of the transition state for this nucleophilic assault because resonance has the function of stabilizing. Therefore, a carbonyl functional group's resistance to nucleophilic attack increases as resonance in the group increases in importance.
3. Leaving group: Tetrahedral adduct fragmentation is encouraged by a better LG.
4. Steric effects: The nucleophilic attack on carbonyl carbon is delayed when sterically impeded.
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Answer:
The options are
a. occur inside organelles. b. start over continually. c. are part of the carbon cycle. d. allow energy to flow in ecosystems.
The answer is b. Start over continually
Explanation:
The two cycles involves a continuous process as long as the reactants are present under suitable conditions. The cycle happens all the time due to it being necessary to produce important products all the time for the body system.
A good example involves the existing Carbon dioxide and water reacting together to get converted into substance that could provide energy (ATP and NADH) such as Glucose.
