As mentioned above, phosphoric acid has 3 pKa values, and after 3 ionization it gives 3 types of ions at different pKa values:
H₃PO₄(aq)
+ H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + H₂PO₄⁻ (aq) pKₐ₁
<span>
</span>H₂PO₄⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + HPO₄²⁻ (aq) pKₐ₂
HPO₄²⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + PO₄³⁻ (aq) pKₐ₃
At the highest pKa value (12.4) of phosphoric acid, the last OH group will lose its hydrogen. On the picture I attached, it is shown required protonated form of phosphoric acid before reaction whose pKa value is 12.4.
Explanation:
Here's an oxidation chart to help
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<span>A flashlight is an electric-powered light source; the light source is a light bulb or an LED. The electrical energy is converted into visible light. Flashlights can be hand-held or mounted to a platform. Light from a lighting, on the other hand, is formed by exciting electrons to a higher state. </span>
Answer:
<u>Oxidation state of Mn = +4</u>
Explanation:
Atomic mass of Mn = 55g/mol
From Faraday's law of electrolysis,
Electrochemical equivalent = 
i.e Z = 
= 
= 0.0001424 g/C
But Equivalent weight, E = atomic mass ÷ valency = Z × 96,485
⇒ 
= 0.0001424 × 96,485
<u>∴ Valency of Mn = +4</u>
Physical Change: It is a type of change in which matter changes its physical state like shape, size but is not transformed into another substance. It is usually a reversible process.
Chemical Change: It is a type of change in which the rearrangement of atoms of one or more than one substance is involved. and it changes its chemical composition that is there is a formation of at least one new substance. It is usually an irreversible process.
Now, keeping in mind the definitions, we can easily classify the examples in the question as physical or chemical change.
7. Chemical Change
8. Chemical Change
9. Physical Change
10. Chemical Change
11. Physical Change
12. Physical Change
13. Chemical Change
14. Physical Change
15. Chemical Change
16. Physical Change
17. Chemical Change
18. Chemical Change
19. Physical Change
20. Physical Change
21. Chemical Change
22. Physical Change
23. Chemical Change
24. Chemical Change
25. Physical Change
