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GenaCL600 [577]
3 years ago
15

Predict the sign of the entropy change of the system for each of the following reactions.

Chemistry
1 answer:
storchak [24]3 years ago
5 0

Answer :

(a) The entropy change will also decreases.

(b) The entropy change will also increases.

(c) The entropy change will also decreases.

(d) The entropy change will also increases.

Explanation :

Entropy : It is defined as the measurement of randomness or disorderedness in a system.

The order of entropy will be,

As we are moving from solid state to liquid state to gaseous state, the entropy will be increases due to the increase in the disorderedness.

As we are moving from gaseous state to liquid state to solid state, the entropy will be decreases due to the decrease in the disorderedness.

(a) N_2(g)+3H_2(g)\rightarrow 2NH_3(g)

In this reaction, the randomness of reactant molecules are more and as we move towards the formation of product the randomness become less that means the degree of disorderedness decreases. So, the entropy change will also decreases.

(b) CaCO_3(s)\rightarrow CaO(s)+CO_2(g)

In this reaction, the randomness of reactant molecules are less and as we move towards the formation of product the randomness become more that means the degree of disorderedness increase. So, the entropy change will also increases.

(c) 3C_2H_2(g)\rightarrow C_6H_6(g)

In this reaction, 3 mole of gaseous C_2H_2 react to give 1 mole of gaseous C_6H_6 that means randomness become less that means the degree of disorderedness decreases. So, the entropy change will also decreases.

(d) Al_2O_3(s)+3H_2(g)\rightarrow 2Al(s)+3H_2O(g)

In this reaction, the number of moles of gases are same on both side of the reaction but 1 mole of solid Al_2O_3 react to give 2 moles of solid aluminium that means randomness become more that means the degree of disorderedness increases. So, the entropy change will also increases.

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Vinegar contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with percent masses of 40.01% C, 6.70% H, and 53.29% O, respectively. Determine th
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The empirical formula is = C2H4O2

Molecular formula=C2H4O2

<h3>Calculation of Molecular formula and empirical formula:-</h3>

Vinegar has three elements:

oxygen = 53.29%,

hydrogen = 6.70%,

and carbon = 40.01%.

We can create an equation for the total mass of vinegar with 'a' carbon atom,' b' hydrogen atom, and 'c' oxygen atoms using the molar masses of C, H, and O.

12*a + 1*b + 16*c = 60

We also know that C makes up 24 g/mol, or 40.01 percent, of the overall mass of 60 g/mol.

The formula contains two C atoms because each C atom has a molecular mass of 12 g/mol. You may determine that the formula contains 4 H and 2 O atoms by using the same reasoning for H and O.

The empirical formula is = C2H4O2

Molecular formula= (C2H4O2)n

(4 x 12 + 1 x 4 + 16 x 2)n = 60

(84)n = 60

n=60/84

n=0.71=1

Molecular formula=C2H4O2

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2 years ago
State the total number of electrons occupying all the p- orbitals in one atom of chlorine .
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Answer:A chlorine atom in its ground state has a total of seven electrons in orbitals related to the atoms third energy level.

Explanation:

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Problem PageQuestion Sulfuric acid is essential to dozens of important industries from steelmaking to plastics and pharmaceutica
Feliz [49]

The question is incomplete, here is the complete question:

Sulfuric acid is essential to dozens of important industries from steel making to plastics and pharmaceuticals. More sulfuric acid is made than any other industrial chemical, and world production exceeds  2.0×10¹¹ kg per year.

The first step in the synthesis of sulfuric acid is usually burning solid sulfur to make sulfur dioxide gas. Suppose an engineer studying this reaction introduces 1.8 kg of solid sulfur and 10.0 atm of oxygen gas at 650°C  into an evacuated 50.0 L tank. The engineer believes Kp = 0.099 for the reaction at this temperature.

Calculate the mass of solid sulfur he expects to be consumed when the reaction reaches equilibrium. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.

<u>Answer:</u> The mass of solid sulfur that will be consumed is 19. grams

<u>Explanation:</u>

The chemical equation for the formation of sulfur dioxide gas follows:

                    S(s)+O_2\rightarrow SO_2(g)

<u>Initial:</u>                   10.0

<u>At eqllm:</u>              10-x         x

The expression of K_p for above equation follows:

K_p=\frac{p_{SO_2}}{p_{O_2}}

We are given:

K_p=0.099

Putting values in above expression, we get:

0.099=\frac{x}{10-x}\\\\x=0.901atm

Partial pressure of sulfur dioxide = x = 0.901 atm

To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation given by ideal gas which follows:

PV=nRT

where,

P = pressure of the sulfur dioxide gas = 0.901 atm

V = Volume of the gas = 50.0 L

T = Temperature of the gas = 650^oC=[650+273]K=923K

R = Gas constant = 0.0821\text{ L. atm }mol^{-1}K^{-1}

n = number of moles of sulfur dioxide gas = ?

Putting values in above equation, we get:

0.901atm\times 50.0L=n\times 0.0821\text{ L. atm}mol^{-1}K^{-1}\times 923K\\\\n=\frac{0.901\times 50.0}{0.0821\times 923}=0.594mol

By stoichiometry of the reaction:

1 mole of sulfur dioxide gas is produced from 1 mole of sulfur

So, 0.594 moles of sulfur dioxide gas will be produced from = \frac{1}{1}\times 0.594=0.594mol of sulfur

  • To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:

\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}

Moles of sulfur = 0.594 moles

Molar mass of sulfur = 32 g/mol

Putting values in above equation, we get:

0.594mol=\frac{\text{Mass of sulfur}}{32g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of sulfur}=(0.594mol\times 32g/mol)=19.008g

Hence, the mass of solid sulfur that will be consumed is 19. grams

8 0
3 years ago
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