The answer is A, as most sewage treatment plants use bacteria to break down and remove nutrients. The main water pollution problem caused by sewage effluent is eutrophication, related to the release of nutrients into rivers and lakes. Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus ions result in high algal growth. Some algal blooms release toxins, and algal blooms also disrupt the natural dissolved oxygen concentration cycles. Fish kills are often because eutrophication has resulted in anoxic conditions.
Anyway, wastewater treatment plants utilise bacteria to facilitate nitrification or denitrification, which removes ammonia and nitrates/nitrites, respectively.
Pioneer species. They are the usually the first to grow after an ecosystem has been destroyed(in this case by flood).
Answer:
a. a portion of the population becomes isolated from the remainder of the population and experiences different selective pressures
Explanation:
This is an example of allopatric speciation Allopatric speciation is a form of speciation (formation of new species) that occurs as a result of geographic isolation. This means that a part of population becomes physically separated from the initial main population. There is no gene flow between these two populations and as a result the two populations reach a high level of genetic divergence. They can no longer interbreed which means they become two different species (speciation).
New populations evolve as result of mutation, genetic drift and natural selection.
For example, Galapagos finches are isolated from others by the ocean (geographic isolation). Because of the isolation, the finches don’t breed with one another. So, they developed unique characteristics and became endemic.
Answer:
This is because in biology, energy is transferred from organism to organism and some energy is lost along the way. Each energy transfer results in a loss of energy, so that energy is always at a lower level and can never be returned to its original high energy level. On the other hand, chemical elements can form products, then that reaction can be reversed and break back down into reactants. Additionally, the law of conservation of matter says that matter can't be created or destroyed, only transferred from one form to another.
Answer:
a. Amyloid fibrils have a high amount of β-sheet structure.
c. Because most newly synthesized proteins fold correctly, the accumulation of misfolded proteins (or fragments) tends to occur slowly, thus explaining the slow onset of disease.
e. Proteins that form amyloid fibrils are normally soluble.
Explanation:
Amyloids can be defined as fibrillar protein aggregates composed of a β-sheet secondary structure. In general, the amyloid fibrils are composed by soluble proteins that are assembled to form insoluble resistant to degradation fibers. In humans, defective amyloid proteins produced by misfolding are known to produce diseases (amyloidosis) capable of altering the function of tissues and organs. Systemic forms of amyloidosis are common in neurodegenerative disorders.
