The noun in this sentence which is uncountable, meaning that it names something that cannot be counted is the noun water.
You cannot count how many waters there are - it is uncountable. The other nouns, students and pitcher are countable, so they cannot be the correct answers, but rather water is.
From my my experience this usually differs depending on the type of book it is, but I think the best choice is either A, to help the reader understand new concepts, or C., It allows the reader to focus on key ideas and information during the reading. I'd pick C though, since it's more in depth and makes more sense.
B. doesn't make that much sense unless the book is an argumentative or a persuasive book.
D. only applies to personal narratives. Nobody can understand a writer's personal experiences and attitudes otherwise.
The purpose of an adjective clause is using a subject and verb that provide a description of the sentence. Impact allow the reader to understand what is occurring and why it is occurring. Who cause the affects? Or where is it happening? Ect.
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