Many primary sources cannot be understood because of the language or they way they have written it. We can't always understand it because its from a culture completely different from our own. Reading primary sources requires your his historical imagination.
The correct answer is Republic. Republic is the system of the government in which guaranteed that each state representation will be at the national level. Republic is organised by the elected representative that embodies the citizens according to the law.
D.) beliefs and how we respond to them, but not our understanding