Answer:
(a) Microfilaments
(b) Microtubules
(c) Microtubules
(d) Microfilaments
(e) Intermediate filaments
(f) Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
(g) Microfilaments, microtubules
(h) Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
(i) Microtubules, microfilaments
(j) Microtubules
Explanation:
Microtubules (MTs) are dimers of the protein tubulin (alpha- and beta-tubulin subunits) and they are major components of the cytoskeleton. MTs play diverse cellular roles including, mechanical support (cytoskeleton), transport, motility, chromosome segregation, etc. Microfilaments (MFs) are protein filaments that also form part of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells. MFs consist of G-actin monomers assembled in linear actin polymers, and their functions include mechanical support, cytokinesis, changes in cell shape, amoeboid movement, endocytosis and exocytosis, etc. MFs associate with the protein myosin to generate muscle contractions. Actin filaments/MTs assembly from monomeric actin/tubulin is caused due to energy expenditure, where ATP/GTP bound to actin/tubulin is hydrolyzed during polymerization. Finally, intermediate filaments (IFs) are a type of cytoskeletal element composed of a heterogeneous group of structural elements, and they are not found in all eukaryotes. The primary function of the IFs is to contribute to the mechanical support for the plasma membrane where these filaments come into contact with other cells and/or with the extracellular matrix. The IFs are not directly involved in cell movement. All 3 types of cytoskeletal elements (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules) can be visualized by fluorescence microscopy when cells express chimeric MT/IF/MF.–GFP fusion proteins.
Cells need to intake things like nutrients, water, and oxygen, and they need to be able to export things like metabolic products and waste materials. No matter which direction the material is moving in, it needs to cross the cell membrane at some point.
The best answer is B.
The cells of a multi cellular organisms are called eukaryotic cells and have:
1. a membrane-bound nucleus
2. numerous membrane - bound organelles including the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts and mitochondria.
3. several rod-shaped chromosomes.
Because a eukaryotic cell's nucleus is said to be surrounded by a membrane, it is said to have a true nucleus. Organelles (meaning "little organ") have specialized cellular roles just like the organs of the body have specialized roles.
The correct answer would be: The up-and-down motion of the tongue when sucking.
I hope that helped! c:
Answer:
(c) Inherited a mutation in a gene required for mismatch repair
Explanation:
Gene mutations are occasional changes that occur in genes, that is, the procedure by which a gene undergoes a structural change. Mutations involve the addition, deletion or substitution of one or a few nucleotides of the DNA strand. Mutation provides the emergence of new forms of a gene and, consequently, is responsible for gene variability.
It is common for several members of the same family to have the same genetic mutations, as the gene affected by the mutation may condition a trait that DNA cannot repair. An example of this is the family shown in the question above, where several people were diagnosed with the same type of cancer while still young. What probably happened in this family was that people diagnosed with cancer inherited a mutation in a gene needed to repair incompatibility.
