The ultimate source of energy (for most ecosystems) is the sun<span>. The ultimate fate of energy in ecosystems is for it to be lost as heat. Energy and nutrients are passed from organism to organism through the food chain as one organism eats another.</span>
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Portals of entry are the sites where micro-organisms can enter a host and reproduce, causing diseases or infections. There are various portals of entry in the human body. This can include the skin, our mucous membranes, and even our respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Portals of exit are where these micro-organisms leave and spread to other individuals. Portals of exit include coughing, sneezing, and some of our bodily fluids.
Horned owls, red-tailed hawks and golden eagles