How do the effects of voluntary restraint agreements differ from the effects of a tariff? Tariffs reduce trade by more than volu
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Answer:
a. Gross income = sales - COGS
Pretax = gross income - SG$A expense +operating income + non operating income- interest expense - unusual expense
income taxes = Pretax - net income
income statement 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
sale 59387 55355 55870 52708 53341
COGS 23425 20651 20522 21418 20507
gross earnings 35962 34704 35348 31290 32834
SG&A EXPENSE 21149 19835 19693 18729 18117
operating income 14813 14869 15655 12561 14717
non operating income 533 -51 224 595 463
interest expense 733 337 192 244 90
unusual expense 1677 269 -114 301 217
pretax 27749 29081 31456 25172 29590
income taxes 17433 17661 19752 15552 18585
Net income 10316 11420 11704 9620 11005
b. Average tax rate = total taxes / total taxable income ( for this calculation we need the tax table for identifying the correct tax brackets for each taxable income falling on it.
2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
gross profit margin 0.61% 0.63% 0.63% 0.59% 0.62%
net profit margin 0.17 % 0.21% 0.21% 0.18% 0.21 %
c. is attached
d.income statement 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
sale 100 100 100 100 100
COGS 39.44% 37.31% 36.73% 40.64% 38.45%
gross earnings 60.56% 62.69% 63.27% 59.36% 61.55%
SG&A EXPENSE 35.61% 35.83% 35.25% 35.53% 33.96%
operating income 24.94% 26.86% 28.02% 23.83% 27.59%
non operating expense 0.90% -0.09% 0.40% 1.13% 0.87%
interest expense 1.23% 0.61% 0.34% 0.46% 0.17%
unusual expense 2.82% 0.49% -0.20% 0.57% 0.41%
pretax 46.73% 52.54% 56.30% 47.76% 55.47%
income taxes 29.35% 31.90% 35.35% 29.51% 34.84%
Net income 17.37% 20.63% 20.95% 18.25% 20.63%
Explanation:
gross profit margin = gross profit/ sales
net profit margin = net profit / sales
no c is an attachment
