Answer: Trial Jury
A trial jury, also known as a petit jury, decides whether the defendant committed the crime as charged in a criminal case, or whether the defendant injured the plaintiff in a civil case.
Consists of 6-12 people.
Trials are generally public, but jury deliberations are private.
Defendants have the right to appear, testify, and call witnesses on their behalf.
Final outcome is a verdict, in favor of plaintiff or defendant in a civil case, or guilty/not guilty in a criminal case.
Grand Jury
A grand jury is presented with evidence from the U.S. attorney, the prosecutor in federal criminal cases. The grand jury determines whether there is “probable cause” to believe the individual has committed a crime and should be put on trial. If the grand jury determines there is enough evidence, an indictment will be issued against the defendant.
Consists of 16-23 people.
Grand jury proceedings are not open to the public.
Defendants and their attorneys do not have the right to appear before the grand jury.
Explanation: bench trial is a trial by judge, as opposed to a trial by jury. The term applies most appropriately to any administrative hearing in relation to a summary offense to distinguish the type of trial. Many legal systems (Roman, Islamic) use bench trials for most or all cases or for certain types of cases.
Answer:
BEcasue she foudn the music sheet at lincolns house
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Explanation:
The Social Contract represented Locke and Hobbes’ agreement that people are naturally_____________ and ________________ in the “state of nature”.
A
Just and competitive
B
Free and righteous
C
Determined and ignorant
D
Free and Equal
INTERESTS PROTECTED
The Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution provides that "the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized." The ultimate goal of this provision is to protect people’s right to privacy and freedom from unreasonable intrusions by the government. However, the Fourth Amendment does not guarantee protection from all searches and seizures, but only those done by the government and deemed unreasonable under the law. To claim violation of Fourth Amendment as the basis for suppressing a relevant evidence, the court had long required that the claimant must prove that he himself was the victim of an invasion of privacy to have a valid standing to claim protection under the Fourth Amendment. However, the Supreme Court has departed from such requirement, issue of exclusion is to be determined solely upon a resolution of the substantive question whether the claimant's Fourth Amendment rights have been violated, which in turn requires that the claimant demonstrates a justifiable expectation of privacy, which was arbitrarily violated by the government. In general, most warrantless searches of private premises are prohibited under the Fourth Amendment, unless specific exception applies. For instance, a warrantless search may be lawful, if an officer has asked and is given consent to search; if the search is incident to a lawful arrest; if there is probable cause to search and there is exigent circumstance calling for the warrantless search. Exigent circumstances exist in situations where a situation where people are in imminent danger, where evidence faces imminent destruction, or prior to a suspect's imminent escape. On the other hand, warrantless search and seizure of properties are not illegal, if the objects being searched are in plain view. Further, warrantless seizure of abandoned property, or of properties on an open field do not violate Fourth Amendment, because it is considered that having expectation of privacy right to an abandoned property or to properties on an open field is not reasonable. However, in some states, there are some exception to this limitation, where some state authorities have granted protection to open fields. States can always establish higher standards for searches and seizures protection than what is required by the Fourth Amendment, but states cannot allow conducts that violate the Fourth Amendment. Where there was a violation of one’s fourth amendment rights by federal officials, A bivens action can be filed against federal law enforcement officials for damages, resulting from an unlawful search and seizure. Under the Bivens action, the claimant needs to prove that there has been a constitutional violation of the fourth amendment rights by federal officials acting under the color of law. However, the protection under the Fourth Amendment can be waived if one voluntarily consents to or does not object to evidence collected during a warrantless search or seizure.
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Despite this inconvenience, there are other renewable sources that can be utilized as a more sufficient fuel source than gasoline. Unlike gasoline, which is also a pollutant that can damage the land that we walk, the water we consume, and the air we breathe, air, electricity, and water vapor can serve a purpose as a alternative source of fuel. “Currently, electric and hybrid cars only make up about 2 percent of the cars on the road. Making the other 98 percent more efficient saves money, reduces dependence on foreign oil and cuts pollution while keeping new cars affordable and appealing to most buyers.” (Reed, Richard. (Thecarconnection.com) The significance of using more fuel efficient vehicles as well as vehicles that use alternative fuel sources can be essential to the health and well being of all inhabitants on this planet. Vehicular technology also has an influence on the vital organs that people need to survive. “A number of health problems can occur if an individual is exposed to gasoline for long periods of time. The symptoms of gasoline-related health problems can vary from relatively minor ones to severe ones.” (Davis, Jen. Ehow.com) After gasoline evaporates, it becomes a part of the necessities we need for existence, such as the air and water. Through the cycle of evaporation, gasoline becomes a carcinogen, a dangerous .
Our society today has a dependency on advancing technology to improve our way of life as well as the lives of other individuals. Some of us are enamored with the advancement of vehicular technology as well as the way automobiles are used in order to impact our way to get to work, school or to vacate. As the advancement of vehicular technology improves, so does the need of providing safer and more efficient vehicles for transportation. The purpose of automobiles today is to do such things as transport important items and documents, as well as to get to and from the desired destination and efficiently and effectively as possible.
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