Tectonic plate movements, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and climate change have shifted wildlife habitats, wiped out large numbers of species, and created opportunities for the evolution of new species. Hope this helped!
Answer:
Please find the complete table attached as an image
Explanation:
This task is describing the processes of transcription and translation, which are the two processes involved in gene expression. The DNA of a human and cow is given in the table of the attached image and we're asked to transcribe into a complementary RNA, and subsequently translate into an amino acid using the CODON table (genetic code).
- Transcription is the process whereby DNA is used as a template for the synthesis of RNA based on complementary base pairing i.e. A-U, G-C, T-A etc.
- Translation is the process whereby RNA transcript is used to synthesize an amino acid sequence. The mRNA is read in a group of three nucleotides called CODON, where each of this codon specifies an amino acid.
The table has been completed and attached below. Note that in the amino acids row;
GLY means Glycine
ILE means Isoleucine
VAL means Valine
GLN means Glutamine
CYS means Cysteine
THR means Threonine
SER means Serine
PHE means Phenylalanine
ALA means Alanine
LEU means Leucine
Capillaries are the end structures in the artery system that bring oxygenated blood from your lungs to the rest of your body.
Answer:
Channel proteins and Carrier proteins
Explanation:
These are type of membrane proteins that transcend the entire length of phosphoslipid bi- layer in the plasma membrane.They facilitate the movement of ions and molecules across the walls of the plasma membranes.
Generally, substances like glucose, amino acids, are too large to pass through the phopholipid bilayers. Likewise ions of potassium, sodium calcium, because of their polarities can not pass through either. They are ferried across the phospholipid by group of protein structures called channel proteins. Some are also transported across by carrier proteins. The process by which these protein structures aided the diffusion of substances across the phospholipid bilayer is called Facilitated diffusion.
Channel proteins are pores, that are filled with water molecules with the entrance well gated. That is the entrance is controlled by part in the inner structure of the protein which can open or close the pores like a gate to control the movement of ions across it. e.g Sodium channels are gated for movement of sodium ions by voltage or ligands(chemicals) during nervous transmission to elicits action potential. Like wise Potassium channels allow diffusion of potassium ions across the phospholipid bilayers. it gates are shut when sodium channels are open; this regulate ion exchange.
Their structures are well fixed in shape , specific to the substance or ions being transported;and the rate of diffusion depends on the like hood of opening of the gate or closure.
Carrier molecules also in the membranes do not have a fixed shape, and their transport direction is determined by the direction of concentration gradients. Thus they can flip on either sides of the membranes to aid diffusion across. Their movement can be both passive and active, and the rates of diffusion depends on the number of available carrier proteins in the membrane. They are also specific to the ions they transport.And are not gated,
Therefore these two membrane integral proteins facilitate movements of substances across the phospholipild bilayers
I think b would fit more as the mitochondria, d would be the endoplasmic reticulum, and e would be lysosomes
