Answer:
The visual cortex in the brain processes the signals to create the perception of vision.
Explanation:
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Answer:
14 CO₂ will be released in the second turn of the cycle
Explanation:
<u>Complete question goes like this</u>, "<em>The CO2 produced in one round of the citric acid cycle does not originate in the acetyl carbons that entered that round. If acetyl-CoA is labeled with 14C at the carbonyl carbon, how many rounds of the cycle are required before 14CO2 is released?</em>"
<u>The answer to this is</u>;
- The labeled Acetyl of Acetyl-CoA becomes the terminal carbon (C4) of succinyl-CoA (which becomes succinate that is a symmetrical four carbon diprotic dicarboxylic acid from alpha-ketoglutarate).
- Succinate converts into fumarate. Fumarate converts into malate, and malate converts into oxaloacetate. Because succinate is symmetrical, the oxaloacetate can have the label at C1 or C4.
- When these condense with acetyl-CoA to begin the second round of the cycle, both of these carbons are discharged as CO2 during the isocitrate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase reactions (formation of alpha-ketoglutarate and succinyl-CoA respectively).
Hence, 14 CO₂ will be released in the second turn of the cycle.
Top-down effects imply control through predation, including fishery, while
bottom-up effects imply control through food abundance, often thought to be driven by climate or nutrient load.
<h3>What is Top down regulation ?</h3>
The top-down effect refers to a higher trophic level influences the community structure of a lower trophic level through predation.
<h3>What is Bottom up regulation ?</h3>
The bottom-up effect means that a lower trophic level in the biological network affects the community structure of higher trophic levels by means of resource restriction
Learn more about Top down and bottom up regulation here:
brainly.com/question/18996262
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