When will an on loop condition happen?

Mnenie [13.5K]

Answer:

The Decimal Numeral system :-

It is the standard system for denoting integer and non-integer numbers. It is the extension to non-integer numbers of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system.

Binary Number system :-

It is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system , which uses only two symbols: typically "0" and "1". The base-2 numeral system is a positional notation with a radix of 2. Each digit is referred to as a bit, or binary digit.

hope it helps you...

5 0

3 years ago

the block cipher attack technique that attempts to retrieve the key by performing decryption and encryption simultaneously on a

tankabanditka [31]

The block cipher attack strategy that attempts to retrieve the key by performing decryption and encryption simultaneously on a understood plaintext-ciphertext pair exists plaintext attack.

<h3>What is plaintext attack?</h3>

The known-plaintext attack is a type of cryptanalysis attack in which the attacker has access to both the encrypted and plaintext versions of the target data. These can be used to reveal additional hidden information, including code books and secret keys. An attack using known plaintext occurs when the attacker has access to pairs of known plaintexts and the ciphertexts that go with them.

The objective is to figure out the secret key (or keys) or to create an algorithm that would enable him to decrypt any additional messages. Ordinary readable text before it is converted into ciphertext in cryptography is known as plaintext, as is readable text that has been recovered from encryption. Not all data inputted into or outputted by encryption methods is plaintext.

Hence, The block cipher attack strategy that attempts to retrieve the key by performing decryption and encryption simultaneously on a understood plaintext-ciphertext pair exists plaintext attack.

To learn more about cryptanalysis attack refer to:

brainly.com/question/19202523

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3 0

1 year ago

Data Structure in C++

agasfer [191]

The code .cpp is available bellow

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

//declaring variables

void merge(int* ip, int sz, int* opt, bool opt_asc); //merging

int* mergesort(int* ip, int sz);

void mergesort(int *ip, int sz, int* opt, bool opt_asc);

void merge(int* ip, int sz, int* opt, bool opt_asc)

{

int s1 = 0;

int mid_sz = sz / 2;

int s2 = mid_sz;

int e2 = sz;

int s3 = 0;

int end3 = sz;

int i, j;

if (opt_asc==true)

{

i = s1;

j = e2 - 1;

while (i < mid_sz && j >= s2)

{

if (*(ip + i) > *(ip + j))

{

*(opt + s3) = *(ip + j);

s3++;

j--;

}

else if (*(ip + i) <= *(ip + j))

{

*(opt + s3) = *(ip + i);

s3++;

i++;

}

if (i != mid_sz)

{

while (i < mid_sz)

{

*(opt + s3) = *(ip + i);

s3++;

i++;

}

if (j >= s2)

{

while (j >= s2)

{

*(opt + s3) = *(ip + j);

s3++;

j--;

}

else

{

i = mid_sz - 1;

j = s2;

while (i >= s1 && j <e2)

{

if (*(ip + i) > *(ip + j))

{

*(opt + s3) = *(ip + i);

s3++;

i--;

}

else if (*(ip + i) <= *(ip + j))

{

*(opt + s3) = *(ip + j);

s3++;

j++;

}

if (i >= s1)

{

while (i >= s1)

{

*(opt + s3) = *(ip + i);

s3++;

i--;

}

if (j != e2)

{

while (j < e2)

{

*(opt + s3) = *(ip + j);

s3++;

j++;

}

for (i = 0; i < sz; i++)

*(ip + i) = *(opt + i);

}

int* mergesort(int* ip, int sz)

{

int* opt = new int[sz];

mergesort(ip, sz, opt, true);

return opt;

}

void mergesort(int *ip, int sz, int* opt, bool opt_asc)

{

if (sz > 1)

{

int q = sz / 2;

mergesort(ip, sz / 2, opt, true);

mergesort(ip + sz / 2, sz - sz / 2, opt + sz / 2, false);

merge(ip, sz, opt, opt_asc);

}

int main()

{

int arr1[12] = { 5, 6, 9, 8,25,36, 3, 2, 5, 16, 87, 12 };

int arr2[14] = { 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 20,15,30, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9,12 };

int arr3[10] = { 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 };

int *opt;

cout << "Arays after sorting:\n";

cout << "Array 1 : ";

opt = mergesort(arr1, 12);

for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++)

cout << opt[i] << " ";

cout << endl;

cout << "Array 2 : ";

opt = mergesort(arr2, 14);

for (int i = 0; i < 14; i++)

cout << opt[i] << " ";

cout << endl;

cout << "Array 3 : ";

opt = mergesort(arr3, 10);

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)

cout << opt[i] << " ";

cout << endl;

return 0;

}

4 0

4 years ago

You will write a program that reads a binary file that contains records of creatures. Each record can be stored in a Creature st

yuradex [85]

Answer:

Explanation:

main.cpp file

/******************************

Name

Date

PA1_Starter.cpp

Description

********************************/

// Headers

#include <iostream>

#include <cstdlib>

#include <string>

#include <vector>

#include <fstream>

#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

// Global variables

const int CREATURE_NAME_SIZE = 30; // Max length of a creature name

const int CREATURE_TYPE_SIZE = 26; // Max length of a creature type

const string FILENAME = "creatures.dat"; // Name of file that contains the data

// struct used to create records in file

struct Creature

{

char name[CREATURE_NAME_SIZE]; // Name of the creature

char creatureType[CREATURE_TYPE_SIZE]; // Type of creature

int hp; // Hit points for creature

int armor; // Armor class for creature

int speed; // Speed of creature

};

// This function returns true if the name of the left creature is less than the name of the right creature

// Use this function when running the sort function

bool sortByName(const Creature &lhs, const Creature &rhs)

{

string name1(lhs.name), name2(rhs.name);

return name1 < name2;

}

// Function declarations

// You will need to code the definitions for each of these functions

int getCreatureNumber(int numCreatures);

void displayCreature(fstream& file, int num);

void displaySorted(fstream& file);

int main()

{

char choice; // choice made by user for menu

fstream creatureFile; // file stream for input file

int numCreatures; // the number of creatures saved to the file

// Open the creatureFile for input and binary (one statement of code)

// Get the number of creatures in the file (two statements of code)

// The number of creatures should be assigned to numCreatures

do

{

cout << "Menu" << endl;

cout << "1. Display a specific creature\n";

cout << "2. Display all creatures sorted by name\n";

cout << "3. Quit\n";

cout << "Enter your choice (1, 2, 3): ";

cin >> choice;

while (cin.get() != '\n');

switch (choice)

{

case '1': // Display a specific creature

displayCreature(creatureFile, getCreatureNumber(numCreatures));

break;

case '2': // Display all the creatures in order

displaySorted(creatureFile);

break;

case '3': // Quit

break;

default:

cout << "Invalid option.\n";

break;

}

if (choice != '3')

{

system("PAUSE");

system("CLS");

}

} while (choice != '3');

creatureFile.close();

// Make sure we place the end message on a new line

cout << endl;

// The following is system dependent. It will only work on Windows

system("PAUSE");

/*

// A non-system dependent method is below

cout << "Press any key to continue";

cin.get();

*/

return 0;

}

/*******************************************************************

getCreatureNumber gets and returns the record number from the file that the user would like to be displayed

PARAM: numCreatures should be the value of the total number of records (creatures) in the file

PRE: numCreatures contains a value that is equal to the number of records in the file

POST: A value between 1 and numCreatures is returned as selected by the user

NOTE: Do not allow a value less than 1 or greater than numCreatures to be returned

********************************************************************/

int getCreatureNumber(int numCreatures)

{

}

/*******************************************************************

displayCreature displays record number num from file

PARAM: file is a fstream that should be open for input and binary

num contains the record number that is to be read in file

PRE: file is a fstream that is open for input and binary

num is a value between 1 and the number of records in file

POST: The record number num is displayed to the monitor

********************************************************************/

void displayCreature(fstream& file, int num)

{

}

/*******************************************************************

displaySorted should read file into a vector. It should then sort the vector by

the name of the creature. Last it should display the vector

PARAM: file is a fstream that should be open for input and binary

PRE: file is open for input and binary

POST: Each record is displayed sorted by the name of the creature

********************************************************************/

void displaySorted(fstream& file)

{

}

5 0

3 years ago

Write a SELECT statement that returns one row for each customer that has orders with these columns:

d1i1m1o1n [39]

Answer:

SELECT email_address,

SUM(item_price * Quantity) AS item_price_total,

SUM(discount_amount * Quantity) AS discount_amount_total

FROM Customers c

JOIN Orders o ON c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID

JOIN Order_Items oi ON o.OrderID = oi.OrderID

GROUP BY email_address

ORDER BY item_price_total DESC

Explanation:

In this SQL statement the SELECT statement selects the following columns:

email_address

item_price

Quantity

discount_amount

There are two tables Customers and Order_Items

SUM aggregate function is used to add the values of the product of the columns discount_amount and Quantity. It is also used to get the sum of the product of two columns discount_amount and Quantity.

A new temporary column named item_price_total is used to name the sum of the product of two columns discount_amount and Quantity using AS which is ALIAS and it is used to give a name to some columns or a table.

Similarly discount_amount_total name is given to the column which calculate the sum of the product of two columns i.e. discount_amount and Quantity.

JOIN is used here to join the columns from the tables Order_items and Customers.

GROUP BY is used to group the result of rows and is used with functions like SUM. Here the rows are grouped by the email address.

ORDER BY is used to order the result. Here the result is ordered by item_price_total in descending order.

This SELECT statement can also be written as following:

SELECT c.email_address,

SUM(o.item_price * o.Quantity),

SUM(o.discount_amount * o.quantity)

FROM customer c

JOIN Order_Items o ON o.id = c.id

GROUP BY c.email_address

7 0

4 years ago